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# Binary Transport Validation — 2026-08-17
This milestone replaced high-volume device-side CSV with the versioned `TRK1`
binary stream shared by future USB, BLE, and storage paths. Mapped raw sensor
counts remain authoritative. Calibration metadata travels as float32 values, and
the host reconstructs the prior 23-column diagnostic CSV without discarding raw
data.
## Verification layers
- Host compilation of the production C encoder with `-Wall -Wextra -Werror`
- Fragmented C-encoder-to-Python-parser contract test
- Deliberately corrupted CRC test with stream resynchronization
- Full eight-record, timestamp-saturation, invalid-size/count, and truncated-tail
encoder/parser contract cases
- ESP-IDF firmware build and flash on the assembled ESP32-C3 prototype
- Live USB capture followed by independent offline re-decoding
- Tracked three- and seven-second hardware-outage captures with regression
assertions for integrity, retention order, and overflow accounting
## USB text-conversion finding
The first live capture exposed that the USB console's default CRLF mode inserted
a carriage return whenever a binary byte equaled LF (`0x0A`). CRC rejected every
affected frame and the parser resynchronized at the next `TRK1` magic. No invalid
sample entered decoded CSV.
Before binary output begins, firmware now changes the USB Serial/JTAG VFS transmit
mode to `ESP_LINE_ENDINGS_LF`, which means no byte modification. Startup logs and
readable metadata are flushed first.
## USB VFS resilience qualification
The 5.12-second queue guarantee applies when the transport reports failure or
backpressure accurately. The current ESP-IDF USB Serial/JTAG VFS/stdio path
surfaces a physical disconnect, but it has a weaker connected-stall case: when a
host remains connected and stops draining, the lower-level timeout can discard
bytes even though stdio reports a successful write. Firmware therefore cannot
retain that particular frame or increment its drop counter. The receiver still
detects the loss through CRC resynchronization and packet/sample sequence gaps.
ESP-IDF's direct USB Serial/JTAG driver provides bounded writes and an explicit
transmit-drain wait, allowing a connected stall to become observable to the
transport policy. That is a useful improvement for the common transport layer.
It is not proof of receiver delivery; application acknowledgements and replay
are needed for that stronger guarantee and are planned with BLE integration.
## Final hardware capture
`captures/binary_v1_smoke2.trk` and its decoded CSV contain:
- 7,184 samples over 71.830 seconds
- 912 total frames, including 14 repeated metadata frames
- Packet gaps and resets: 0
- Sample gaps and resets: 0
- Timestamp anomalies: 0
- CRC and header failures: 0
- Queue/read/output drops: 0
- Acquisition-loop overruns: 0
- ADXL345 overruns: 0
- L3G4200D data-ready clear: 0
- L3G4200D overruns: 192
Offline decoding of the saved `.trk` file produced CSV byte-for-byte identical to
the CSV rendered during live capture.
The validated stream occupied 177,184 bytes, or 2,466.7 bytes/s including frame
headers and repeated metadata. That is 8.47 MiB/hour and about 19.7 kbit/s before
BLE link overhead, far below the previous CSV stream.
## Task separation and buffer
The 100 Hz I2C acquisition runs at FreeRTOS priority 10. USB encoding/output runs
at priority 5 and receives samples through a 512-entry queue (about 5.12 seconds
at 100 Hz). The hardware capture's zero timing anomalies and zero loop overruns
confirm that packet encoding, CRC, float metadata, and USB output did not disturb
the acquisition cadence.
When output failure is reported, handling is transactional: firmware retains and
retries the same encoded packet with a scheduler delay instead of discarding it
or dequeuing more samples. The queue therefore accumulates the transport backlog.
If an outage outlasts the queue, acquisition drops and counts new samples while
preserving the oldest queued data for ordered delivery after reconnection.
## Forced transport-outage validation
A temporary validation build made the packet writer report transport failure for
a fixed interval while acquisition continued normally. The failure injection was
removed before the production build.
With a three-second forced outage, all 2,144 observed samples arrived contiguously
from sequence 0 through 2,143. Packet gaps, sample gaps, drops, loop overruns, and
timestamp-saturation flags were all zero.
With a seven-second forced outage, the queue preserved samples 0 through 511 and
then dropped 138 new samples after reaching capacity. Delivery resumed at sample
650. The cumulative drop count and observed sequence gap both equaled 138. The
timestamp difference from sample 511 to 650 was exactly 1,390,000 us, matching
139 sample intervals, and no saturation flag was emitted. This verifies both the
oldest-data retention policy and the new exact timestamp re-anchor after overflow.
The exact validated byte streams are tracked as executable regression fixtures:
- `tests/fixtures/forced_outage_3s.trk`, SHA-256
`01482816cdaa668e4681c33c8baa1df331d733b9bbcbc4f448ece25e88185ad6`
- `tests/fixtures/forced_outage_7s.trk`, SHA-256
`2ea8a5742944bdebc13bec2ccdbceba75f0bb71e48c856b0f86285878e190cd3`
The protocol tests verify both hashes, fragmented parsing with no CRC/header or
trailing-byte errors, the complete sequence ranges, the sole 138-sample overflow
gap, cumulative counters, and the exact 1,390,000 us timestamp re-anchor.