upbeatBytes/goodnews/dedup.py

"""Cross-source near-duplicate detection via local embeddings.

The exact-URL dedupe in feeds.py only catches the literal same link. The same
story carried by several outlets slips through as separate articles. Here we
embed each article's title+snippet with the local embedding model, cluster
near-identical ones within a short time window, and mark all but the best in
each cluster as duplicates (articles.duplicate_of). Feed and brief queries then
hide duplicates, keeping the single strongest version.

Pure-stdlib math: vectors are normalised once so cosine similarity is a dot
product, and comparisons are restricted to a date window, so no numpy is needed.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import math
import sqlite3
from array import array
from datetime import date

from .llm import LocalModelClient

DEFAULT_THRESHOLD = 0.86
DEFAULT_WINDOW_DAYS = 3
_EMBED_BATCH = 16


def _embed_text(title: str, description: str | None) -> str:
    text = title.strip()
    if description:
        text += ". " + description.strip()
    return text[:2000]


def ensure_embeddings(
    conn: sqlite3.Connection, client: LocalModelClient, limit: int | None = None
) -> int:
    """Embed and store any articles that lack an embedding. Returns count added."""
    rows = conn.execute(
        """
        SELECT a.id, a.title, a.description
        FROM articles a
        LEFT JOIN article_embeddings e ON e.article_id = a.id
        WHERE e.article_id IS NULL
        ORDER BY a.id
        """
    ).fetchall()
    if limit is not None:
        rows = rows[:limit]
    if not rows:
        return 0

    added = 0
    for start in range(0, len(rows), _EMBED_BATCH):
        batch = rows[start : start + _EMBED_BATCH]
        vectors = client.embed([_embed_text(r["title"], r["description"]) for r in batch])
        for row, vector in zip(batch, vectors):
            conn.execute(
                "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO article_embeddings (article_id, vector, dim, model) "
                "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
                (row["id"], array("f", vector).tobytes(), len(vector), client.embed_model),
            )
            added += 1
        conn.commit()
    return added


def _unit(vector: list[float]) -> list[float]:
    norm = math.sqrt(sum(x * x for x in vector))
    if norm == 0:
        return vector
    return [x / norm for x in vector]


def _day_ordinal(value: str | None) -> int:
    if not value:
        return 0
    try:
        return date.fromisoformat(value[:10]).toordinal()
    except ValueError:
        return 0


def cluster_duplicates(
    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
    threshold: float = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD,
    window_days: int = DEFAULT_WINDOW_DAYS,
) -> dict:
    """Group near-identical articles and record duplicate_of links.

    Greedy single-link clustering: each article joins the first existing cluster
    whose anchor it matches (cosine >= threshold, within window_days); otherwise
    it starts a new cluster. The highest-ranked member of each cluster becomes
    the representative; the rest point at it.
    """
    rows = conn.execute(
        """
        SELECT
            a.id,
            COALESCE(a.published_at, a.discovered_at) AS dt,
            e.vector,
            (COALESCE(s.constructive_score,0) + COALESCE(s.agency_score,0)
             + COALESCE(s.human_benefit_score,0) + src.trust_score
             - COALESCE(s.cortisol_score,0) - COALESCE(s.ragebait_score,0)
             - COALESCE(s.pr_risk_score,0)) AS rank_score
        FROM articles a
        JOIN article_embeddings e ON e.article_id = a.id
        JOIN sources src ON src.id = a.source_id
        LEFT JOIN article_scores s ON s.article_id = a.id
        ORDER BY dt
        """
    ).fetchall()

    items = []
    for r in rows:
        vec = _unit(array("f", r["vector"]).tolist())
        items.append({"id": r["id"], "ord": _day_ordinal(r["dt"]), "vec": vec, "score": r["rank_score"]})

    clusters: list[dict] = []  # {anchor_vec, anchor_ord, members:[item]}
    for it in items:
        placed = False
        for cl in clusters:
            if abs(it["ord"] - cl["anchor_ord"]) > window_days:
                continue
            dot = sum(x * y for x, y in zip(it["vec"], cl["anchor_vec"]))
            if dot >= threshold:
                cl["members"].append(it)
                placed = True
                break
        if not placed:
            clusters.append({"anchor_vec": it["vec"], "anchor_ord": it["ord"], "members": [it]})

    # Reset prior decisions for everything we considered, then re-apply.
    considered = [it["id"] for it in items]
    conn.executemany(
        "UPDATE articles SET duplicate_of = NULL WHERE id = ?", [(i,) for i in considered]
    )

    dup_clusters = 0
    duplicates = 0
    for cl in clusters:
        if len(cl["members"]) < 2:
            continue
        dup_clusters += 1
        rep = max(cl["members"], key=lambda m: (m["score"], -m["id"]))
        for m in cl["members"]:
            if m["id"] != rep["id"]:
                conn.execute(
                    "UPDATE articles SET duplicate_of = ? WHERE id = ?", (rep["id"], m["id"])
                )
                duplicates += 1
    conn.commit()
    return {
        "articles": len(items),
        "clusters": len(clusters),
        "duplicate_clusters": dup_clusters,
        "duplicates": duplicates,
    }


def dedup(
    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
    client: LocalModelClient,
    threshold: float = DEFAULT_THRESHOLD,
    window_days: int = DEFAULT_WINDOW_DAYS,
    embed_limit: int | None = None,
) -> dict:
    embedded = ensure_embeddings(conn, client, limit=embed_limit)
    if embedded == 0:
        # Nothing new entered the corpus → the clusters and duplicate_of links are
        # unchanged, so skip the full re-cluster. It was re-running an O(n²) cosine
        # pass over EVERY article and rewriting duplicate_of for all ~3.7k of them
        # every cycle (~53s + a large WAL commit), which starved live API reads
        # (/api/brief 2-7s). Most cycles find no new articles, so this makes the
        # cycle near-instant and keeps reads fast. A real new article re-runs it.
        dups = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM articles WHERE duplicate_of IS NOT NULL").fetchone()[0]
        return {"embedded": 0, "articles": 0, "clusters": 0, "duplicate_clusters": 0,
                "duplicates": dups, "skipped": True}
    stats = cluster_duplicates(conn, threshold=threshold, window_days=window_days)
    stats["embedded"] = embedded
    return stats